Tree Dieback in the Mt. Hymettus Aesthetic Forest: Facing the Challenge with Optimism
Following the observation of tree dieback—either affecting isolated trees or occurring in tree clusters—in the Aesthetic Forest (a phenomenon I previously discussed in my article on December 20, “The Forest in Peril?”), Philodassiki sought the expertise of specialists to conduct a more thorough and evidence-based assessment of the issue, which clearly stems from the combined impact of multiple environmental stressors.
Scientific support provided by the Institute of Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems of the Hellenic Agricultural Organization ELGO-DIMITRA confirmed the initial conclusions regarding the causes of tree dieback and the urgent need for immediate action—measures that, as far as possible, can assist the forest’s recovery. After an on-site inspection, the following key points were noted:
“The symptomatic trees appeared scattered throughout the forest, with concentrations primarily in exposed areas (e.g., hilltops) or in isolated patches. Reviewing the area’s history, it is worth noting that:
1) The Aesthetic Forest is an artificial forest ecosystem, planted at different periods during the 20th century (e.g., post-WWII, in 1976, and 1992–1993, among others).
2) The soil is rocky and likely nutrient-poor, as the area—like other parts of the Attica basin—was once home to ancient quarries (limestone and marble). The impact of soil conditions is also evident in the relatively small size of the trees, despite their age. Combined with prolonged high summer temperatures over the past two years and persistent drought, these factors have severely affected the long-term viability of the reforested areas.”
To address the situation, the following measures were recommended:
a) A more comprehensive, central-level study should be conducted to assess soil conditions, existing biodiversity, and long-term ecosystem viability.
b) Under current conditions, the removal of dead trees is advisable, especially those near footpaths, as they pose a risk of falling and injuring visitors. This action would also help reduce insect populations.
c) Ongoing monitoring of the phenomenon is needed, including systematic recording of symptoms and their severity in relation to climatic conditions.
In fact, targeted interventions have already begun in specific areas, cutting and removing dried trees to reduce populations of bark-eating insects and prevent their further spread. At the same time, preparations are underway to expand deadwood removal to other zones.
Particularly in the area surrounding the Monastery of Kaisariani and extending toward the Taxiarches Hill (designated a Historic Garden of Europe in 1993), Philodassiki has not only focused on tree removal but also planted new trees, with special attention to preserving the site’s historic landscape.
The Mt. Hymettus Aesthetic Forest is a human-made forest, the result of successful reforestation efforts carried out over different periods after World War II. These efforts created a mosaic of heterogeneous forest stands. Therefore, vegetation management cannot follow conventional forestry rules but requires tailored approaches depending on the specific characteristics of each forest unit.
Given the urgent need to contain the potential spread of bark-eating insects, operations are being carried out in selected parts of the forest. Simultaneously, the response of the stressed trees to current weather conditions is being closely monitored, and the next steps are being planned.
Encouragingly, 373.2 mm of rainfall was recorded by Philodassiki’s meteorological station in the forest during the period from November 16, 2024, to February 24, 2025—an ally in the forest’s struggle for resilience.
Dr Nikos Pangas | Technical Director of the Mt. Hymettus Aesthetic Forest
